Glioma is a serious brain disease that seriously endangers human health. Early diagnosis and therapy of glioma play a vital role in improving the survival of glioma patients. Currently, the diagnosis of brain glioma mainly relies on advanced instruments such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, which is difficult to accurately identify the margin of brain tumor and guide intraoperative surgical resection of the lesion. Moreover, due to the limitation of blood-brain barrier, the concentration of drugs into the brain tissue is very low, which is difficult to achieve good therapeutic effect and has serious side effects. In recent years, the rapid development of nanotechnology has brought new hope for accurate diagnosis and therapy of glioma. With the advantages of high sensitivity, high specificity and multifunction, the new functional nanoprobe has been successfully applied in the research of multimodality diagnosis and treatment of glioma. This article mainly introduces the recent advances of nanoprobe for precise diagnosis and treatment of glioma, focusing on the nanoprobes passing through the blood-brain barrier, multimodality imagingguided glioma margin identification and imaging guided precision glioma treatment. The preparation and surface functionalization modification of nanoprobe, as well as for glioma imaging and treatment are further discussed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges faced by functional nanoprobes in the clinical application are prospected.