Thirty years ago, the invention and volume shipment of IBM PC significantly enlarged the user population of computing. For the next thirty years, what is the most fundamental challenge of the computing field? What paradigm shift is needed? What is the most significant industrial problem? What are the most needed scientific breakthroughs? This article addresses these questions by discussing a dozen essential issues of computing for the masses. The most fundamental challenge is the computing market’s growth stagnation. Computing for the masses is proposed to reverse this trend and should be a fundamental future direction. It has three features of value-augmenting, affordability, and sustainability. The most basic paradigm shift is human-cyber-physical ternary computing. The most significant industrial problem is the Insecta Classis paradox. Computing for the masses needs five pillars of science support, including ternary computing science, universal compute account, efficient sea-network-cloud computing platforms, information ecosystem science, and national information accounts. This article helps outline the problem space for future computer science research, with a discussion on related transformative research projects.